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News

Because a Healthy Mind lives in a Healthy Body

In today’s cutthroat competition era it is mandatory for the children to maintain complete physical fitness too. Keeping this in mind, a Guragon based company, Fitness 365 is organising a summer fitness camp for young children in Udaipur.

“We received a huge response from Udaipur in aspects of making children socially active. Udaipur is well alert regarding sports and fitness of students. We strongly felt that a well organised summer programme will encourage more and more students for fitness. Fitness 365, in coming years, will be organising national level sport talent hunts from schools all around India”

-Mr. Sujeet Panigrahi, CEO, Fitness 365.

Ms. Preeti Sogani, Director, Witty International School said that the summer sports camp will be organised in Witty International School from 23rd of May. Dr. Hitesh Rawal, Asst. Prof. (P.E.), B.N. College said that parents must realise that sports and physical fitness are an integral part of child’s life, and must encourage them to participate in sports activities from the school level itself.

Categories
News

Five day National Conference on Fundamentals of Radio Frequency Design concluded in Udaipur

Workshop on fundamentals of RF Design in Udaipur

A national conference on “ FUNDAMENTALS  OF  RF  DESIGN “ under the umbrella of International Workshop  on advancement Communication Technologies  and applications(IW-ACTA) in conjunction with International  Conference on Emerging Trends in  Networks and Computers Communication (ETNCC 2011) was held in TECHNO INDIA NJR INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY FROM 22nd April to 26th APRIL,2011.

A series of session were held in last 5 days which acknowledged students to all those areas of technology which were jargons to them.

The session began with an INTRODUCTION TO FUMDAMENTALS OF RF CIRCUITS AND DESIGNS, which was delivered by Dr. MITHILESH KUMAR, associate Prof., RTU Kota. Various areas such as microwave devices, RF applications, technology trends of wireless communications, etc were explained in detail by him.

In series to it a lecture on FUMDAMENTALS OF NETWORK ANALYSIS was also given by him. Since he involved a number of numerical during the session hence it widened the approach towards network analysis. A last session on FILTER DESIGN lead to end of the first day of the workshop.

After the first day session INAUGRAL  FUNCTION FOR IEEE student chapter was held and cultural event was being organized  for one of our special guest  Prof. Sorel  Reisman, President IEEE COMPUTER SOCEITY, USA and many more eminent dignitaries, where the IEEE chapter was declared open.

The second day commenced with the lecture on THEORY AND PROCESS ON MICRO STRIP COMPONENTS AND DESIGN by Dr. Madhur Deo Upadhyay, research scholar, at CARE IIT DELHI.

A practical session on puff and serenade at Madhuban City centre was held under the guidance of S.P.CHKARBORTY.Another part   began on 25th April- Monday, which included the introduction to MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) and COMSOL. Simultaneously practical sessions were held.

Under the guidance of  Mr. Jitendra Singh Rathore, Rwitjeet  Majumdar (faculty : mechanical department BITS PILANI), Rahul Ramchamdran ,Research  Scholar,  BITS, Pilani, and Deepak Krisnamurty, student  NNMDC, BITS Pilani, the students studied the stimulation of a bus bar. The last day session included many more practical examples on the same.

The session signed off with the valedictory function where the dignitaries from BITS PILANI addressed the students and distribution of Certificates was also held up. The event marked an edge and understanding to new technologies as a carrier prospect. With the hard work of all, the event was a great success.

Few glimpses of the event are as follows.

Workshop on fundamentals of RF Design in UdaipurWorkshop on fundamentals of RF Design in UdaipurWorkshop on fundamentals of RF Design in UdaipurWorkshop on fundamentals of RF Design in UdaipurWorkshop on fundamentals of RF Design in UdaipurWorkshop on fundamentals of RF Design in Udaipur—————————————————————-

Written By: DEEPALI VYAS

Photo Courtsey: PRASUN BANNERJEE

Categories
Festivals

The Birth of the Spiritual Leader Who Gave Us Ahimsa : Mahavir

mahavir jayanti

Although many are aware of the Buddha or the deities of Hinduism, few of us know anything about Mahavir (599-527 BCE), whose birth the Jain community around the world will celebrate on April 16. This celebration is known as Mahavir Jayanti.

Jainism, along with Hinduism and Buddhism, are the three primary spiritual traditions of India, and archeological evidence indicates that although Mahavir was a contemporary of the Buddha, Jainism predated Mahavir by hundreds of years and, therefore, is the oldest religion in India.  Mahavir is considered to be the last in a line of what the Jains call “Tirthankaras,” which literally means “maker of a ford” and refers to a human being who achieves omniscience and then teaches the path to liberation to others, thereby establishing a ford across the river of rebirth.

A Tirthankara is also referred to as a “Jina,” which means “spiritual victor,” or as an “Arihant,” which means “destroyer of enemies.”  A Jina or Arihant is a victor or destroyer in that he or she has conquered inner emotions and passions, and has complete equanimity that is characterized by an absence of attachment and aversion.

Mahavir was a social revolutionary.  He rejected the caste system and the sexism that pervaded the society of his time (and that unfortunately persists), and promoted a radical social justice movement based on complete equality and equal inherent value.  He did not limit this revolution to humans and was the first historical figure to regard all nonhuman animals as full members of the moral community.

He was also the first historical figure to articulate the view that the planet itself, including air, water, and earth, consists of living systems.  Mahavir was, indeed, the first ecologist.

The notion of revolution is often connected with violence, particularly in modern times.  The central feature of Mahävir’s revolution, however, was Ahimsa, or nonviolence.  Mahavir provided the most expansive concept of Ahimsa that the world has ever known not only by extending this notion to include all living beings, but by making clear that violence was not simply a matter of what we did, but what we thought and said.

Mahavir also taught us about two other central tenets of Jainism:

  • Anekäntaväda or the notion that truth is many sided
  • Aparigraha or non-possessiveness.

These two principles cannot be understood except as aspects of Ahimsa.  The doctrine of Anekäntaväda serves to promote social harmony and to reduce the violence that results from absolutist views of truth.  The doctrine of Aparigraha recognizes that attachment to wealth and the accumulation of material things makes us more inclined to act in violent and destructive ways.

Mahävir taught that;

“All breathing, existing, living, sentient creatures should not be slain, nor treated with violence, nor abused, nor tormented, nor driven away.”

Ächäränga Sutra

This is the only moral or spiritual principle that we need to know. If we live by this principle, we will be at peace with ourselves and the world will be at peace. Whatever our religious tradition may be, let us celebrate Mahavir Jayanti 2011 by recommitting ourselves to a simple but profound idea that all may embrace:  Ahimsa.

A Post By: Gary L. Francione (Professor, Rutgers University)

Categories
Social

Cycle Rally to Increase Awareness about Health on World Health Day

World Health Day

A group of over 20 students on bicycles with posters, over 75 pedestrians with slogans and an experienced team of Hangout Adventures guiding the students all the way – that’s how the rally organised by Seedling Modern Public School and Hangout Adventures was like. This joint initiative was taken in order to increase awareness about health and to promote cycling as a healthy and green mode of transportation on the occasion of the World Health Day.

In the morning around 7:30am, about 20 students aged 10-16yrs started gathering at Madhuvan, in front of the Firefox Bike Station. Full of energy, students were motivated and guided by the teachers and the team at Hangout Adventures. Within minutes, the students were ready with the posters attached to their cycles and were all set for the rally. After starting the rally at Madhuvan, the riders went to Sukhadiya
Circle from where they pedalled all the way to Fatah Sagar. At Fatah Sagar, the rally was joined by several pedestrians from the Seedling School. Several students were cheering about healthy living and they were joined by other people passing by. From Fatah Sagar, the rally went on to Chetak Circle and took a stop at Madhuvan.

Some of the slogans used in the rally were:

“Easy on the pedal, gentle on the brake, save both cash and petrol, the
environment’s at stake”

“The greatest wealth is health”

“Disease is somatic, the suffering from it, psychic”

“Cycle: It saves petrol and keeps you fit”

“Gold that buys health can never be ill spent”

“Save petrol: For it is the oil of life!”

Check out the pictures from the rally. Well done guys!

Post By: Rohit Gautam 🙂

Categories
Festivals

Cheti Chand: New Year eve for the Sindhi Community

lord jhulelal
Image Credit

All About Cheti Chand

Cheti Chand is the Sindhi New Year Day celebrated on the second day of Cheti month (Chaitra month). This year  Cheti Chand falls on April 5, 2011. This festival is similar to other Hindu New Year festivals. Cheti Chand is celebrated as a commemoration of birthday of Sindhi patron saint Jhulelal. This festival is to give honor the birth of Water God (Varun Devta) popularly known as Jhulelal. The Sindhi community is seen wishing each other in the native Sindhi Language “Cheti Chand jyon Lakh Lakh Wadayun Athav”, which means lacs of wishes for Happy Cheti Chand. Historically Cheti Chand is the birthday of Lal Sain Amarlal hence this is the most important day for the sindhi community and celebrated with that high spirit and emotions.

How we celeberate it

As a tradition, followers of Jhulelal observe Chaliho Sahab. It suggests that for forty long days and nights they underwent ritual on the bank of Sindhu. They did not shave, nor did they wear new clothes or shoes. They did not use soap or oil or any opulent thing. They just washed their clothes, dried them and wore them again. In the evening, they worshipped Lord Varuna, sang songs in his praise and prayed for their solace and salvation. After 40 days of Chaaliho, the followers of Jhulelal celebrate the occasion with festivity as ‘Thanks Giving Day’ even till today.

On this day, many Sindhis take Baharana Sahib to a nearby river or lake. Baharana Sahib consists of Jyot (Oil Lamp), Misiri (Crystal Sugar), Phota (Cardamom), Fal (Fruits), and Akha. Behind is Kalsh (Water jar) and a Nariyal (Coconut) in it, covered with cloth, phool (flowers) and patta (leaves). There is also a Murti (Idol) of Pujya Jhulelal Devta.

Sindhis keep their shops and activities closed on this day even food is not cooked at the home  and  they gathered at community building (at Jhulelal Temple, where after a session of singing, worship of Jhulelal is made and procession of Bahrano is taken out. Cities Like Ulhasnagar, Ajmer, Indore, Kolhapur, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Surat etc are famous for unique style of Cheti Chand celebration and huge gathering of sindhi people.In City of Lakes at Shakti  nagar  there is a temple of Jhulelal sahib where a fair is organized by the community peoples  on ” Sindhi New Year Day”. Various types of treats are also available for common community peoples.

There  are various places in Lakecity where this holy festival is celebrated with great spirit one of which is located at :-

  • Pratap nagar –in the shiv temple
  • Jawaher nagar Sindhu bhavan
  • Hiran magri sector 5

In UDAIPUR the main temple of Jhulelal sahib (Sanathan Mandir) is situated at Shakti Nagar. Its main feature is a JYOT which is brought by the Ancestors of Sindhi Community after separation of HINDUSTAN (India) & PAKISTAN (1947).

In Udaipur in 2011 its celebration started two days before the “CHETI CHAND” as under

  • 3rd April 2011:- Blood donation camp
  • 4th April 2011:- Cultural night at Shukhadia rangmanch
  • 5th April 2011:- Main event (“CHETI CHAND”) at various temples of Jhulelal Sahib

The usual tradition is that on this day Sindhis bring out procession of water God Lord Jhulelal, In the form of Bahrano Sahib from Sindhudham (Jawaher nagar) to Sanatan temple in Shakti nagar where the holy MAHA ARTI takes place . During the procession of Bahrano Sahib traditional sindhi folk dance “Chhej” is performed by all age group Sindhis. After that talented Sindhi students are awarded for their excellence in academics. On this eve of NEW YEAR a Sindhi Fair is also organized by the community people, followed by an arrangement of refreshment is made for all Sindhi Community people.

Lastly, at night there is Visarjan ceremony of Bahrano Sahib.

Here are few of the glimpses of the past years’ celebrations

Structure made by straws in year 2008 in Udaipur
Structure made by straws in year 2008 in Udaipur
Statueof Jhulelal sahib by balloons in 2009
Statueof Jhulelal sahib by balloons in 2009
Statueof Jhulelal sahib by balloons in 2009
Statueof Jhulelal sahib by balloons in 2009
Sturuture of Jhulelal sahib made by lamps in year 2010
Sturuture of Jhulelal sahib made by lamps in year 2010

ACHIEVMENTS BY THE SINDHI COMMUNITY PEOPLE:-

The people and community (“APNA SANGHATAN”) involved in making the different images of Jhulelal with the help of marbles without using adhesive  were even mentioned in the Limca book of records in 2006-07 namely Mr. Surendra Arora, and Mr. Virendra Khabrani

Team UdaipurBlog greets everyone with best wishes on Chetichand

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A post by- Madhuri Tharani

Categories
Lifestyle

This Holi, Take Care!

safe holi girl
Image Credit: http://farm1.static.flickr.com/55/136621151_d43dcdca9e.jpg

Perhaps the strongest association of the word “Holi” is with colours. In this festival of colors, we do not wish to miss the fun and at the same time not compromise with our skin/hair. It is an irony that we make so much effort all the year around to keep our skin and hair look healthy and beautiful and on Holi, for momentary fun, we abuse our skin so liberally and allow people to rub anything on it.

Due to chemicals and dyes used in these colours and gulaal, skin disorders like dryness, discoloration, abrasion, irritation, itching and contract dermatitis are common post-Holi.  Colours, in dry or liquid state, can cause a condition called ‘acute irritant contact dermatitis’ i.e. rashes and redness, with intense burning and itching in the exposed areas. They can also flare up existing allergies. Dandruff and acne can worsen, and chronic itching for days afterwards can thicken and darken the skin, a condition called ‘lichenification’.  Dry skin layer allows colours to penetrate easily and Eczema is one of the most common problems that I’ve encountered in patients after Holi. So to avoid any such problems and to have a happy and safe Holi, here are some tips that can help:

Getting ready:

  • Wear clothes covering whole body leaving the minimum parts exposed.
  • Apply thick layer of oil or creams containing petroleum jelly or Dimethicon.
  • Ear plugs for those who have ear problems or play it too vigorously.
  • Colours and sunlight combined may cause a phototoxic reaction, so sunscreens of SPF 30+to SPF 50+ are a must. Water resistant sunscreens are even better choice.
  • Apply additional Vaseline under and around your nails, feet, elbows and behind your ears, by the side the nose.
  • Use a lip balm to protect your lips from getting stained.
  • Trim your nail properly. Use a thick coat of nail paint on the nails and put Vaseline under the nail edges.

For Hair:

  • Try to protect it with a cap/hat or use a scarf or bandana.
  • Oil them one hour prior.
  • You can use serums also to protect it from damage.
  • Tie your hair into a bun or a ponytail to avoid excess damage.

Choice of colors:

  • Use natural, skin-friendly and herbal colours or the ones made by reputed companies using natural products.
  • Use more of red/pink colors – easy to take off.
  • Gaudy purple, yellow, green, orange have more harmful chemicals in them and should be avoided.
  • Strictly avoid silver/golden tubes, greases and other stuff as they are highly toxic.
  • Most dry colours are safe, but avoid glittery ones. They contain silica particles that can abrade
  • Feel the texture of the colour before buying it. It should feel powdery, like talc and not grainy or gritty.

After playing Holi:

  • Wash the colors as early as possible.
  • Do not rub skin vigorously to lighten the colour, rub lemon wedges and then apply wheat flour and oil mixture.
  • Opt for soft medicated cleansers instead of soap as they further dry the skin.
  • Apply moisturizers generously after cleansing.
  • Use plenty of conditioner after shampooing hair.
  • Hair can turn brittle and extremely dry if the Holi colours remain unwashed for long and it begins to break even if the damage is superficial and not to scalp. Put hair serum after the bath to lock the cuticles.
  • A skin rejuvenating oil massage will make your skin softer and cleaner.

Things to remember:

  • These colours make your skin dry, so drink as much water as possible.
  • Use cold water to remove the colors, hot water makes the color fast and it is difficult to get rid of them. Also it can increase the irritant potential of the colors.
  • Avoid using kerosene, petrol and spirits to remove stains, as they will further dry the skin and may irritate also.
  • Do not wash your face again and again. This will make your face dry.Apply moisturizer
  • Avoid sunlight in case the skin is seriously affected, as it will increase the irritation
  • Avoid bleaching, waxing or facial for a week after Holi (even before Holi)

Please do not play Holi if you are:

  • allergic to dust, smoke and dirt
  • already suffering from skin allergies like Contact dermatitis, Atopic dermatitis etc. or any skin infection
  • already taking treatment of skin related diseases and taking medicines like Retinoids that increase your sensitivity
  • If due to some reason, your doctor has advised you not to play Holi

If you continue to have problems:

  • If your skin feels irritated and is itching or burning, wash it properly again.
  • For irritated skin or minor rashes, apply a mixture of calamine lotion. Apply an ice pack on the irritated skin.
  • For a more severe reaction with eruptions, its better to see a Dermatologist immediately.

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A Post By : Dr. Prashant Agrawal

Consultant, Dermatology and Cosmetology

GBH American Hospital

Categories
News

Ganga Jamuna Saraswati: Udaipur Couple gets Triplet Test Tube Girls

A couple from Lakhawali village,Udaipur, Kesar Singh and his wife Leela Devi have been missing cries of a child in their small family of two,married for the last 18 years. After trying all available options, be it medical or religious, finally, the In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) technique came as a blessing for the couple. And for the first time, the family heard the cries of its own child. To a surprise, there wasn’t a single baby, nor two. There were three babies, all girls.

This incident happened on 3rd March when Mrs Leela Devi gave birth to three lovely and healthy children at the R.K. Hospital in Madhuban, Udaipur. Dr. Shewta Agarwal of R.K Hospital, counseled the couple and suggested them to go for IVF or the In Vitro Fertilization process for Test Tube Baby in which egg cells are fertilized by sperm outside the body.

In a press conference, Dr. Shweta Agarawal, test tube baby specialist of R. K. Hospital told that this achievement is nowhere less than achieving a noble prize for herself. She is more happy than even the couple. Dr. Tarun Agarwal was also present at the moment.

Father of the triplet, Mr. Kesar Singh says, that after 18 years, the happiness brought in the family by the R.K. Hospital is above all and they are highly indebted for the same. He adds, the triplet have filled the empty spaces in their life, and now they have no more demands for their life.

(L to R) Dr. Shweta Agarwal, Leela Devi, and Kesar Singh with the triplet
Categories
Festivals

Feminine Era: Celebrating the Women’s day

International Women’s Day celebrated each year on March 8 remains as a vibrant day in the women’s calendar. In the words of Late Pt Jawaharlal Nehru: “You can’t tell the condition of a nation by looking at the status of its women“.

As we will be celebrating women’s day on 8th March, I feel that it is my duty to express my gratitude to all women in my life, as a mother, sister, friend, and peer to all known and unknown women.

International Women’s Day (8 March) is an occasion marked by women’s groups around the world. This date is also commemorated at the United Nations and is designated in many countries as a national holiday. When women on all continents, often divided by national boundaries and by ethnic, linguistic, cultural, economic and political differences, come together to celebrate their Day.

International Women’s Day is the story of ordinary women as makers of history; it is rooted in the centuries-old struggle of women to participate in society on an equal footing with men. In ancient Greece, Lysistrata initiated a sexual strike against men in order to end war; during the French Revolution, Parisian women calling for “liberty, equality, and fraternity” marched on Versailles to demand women’s suffrage.

The idea of an International Women’s Day first arose at the turn of 20th century, which in the industrialized world was a period of expansion and turbulence, booming population growth and radical ideologies.

International Women’s Day is the story of ordinary women as makers of history; it is rooted in the centuries-old struggle of women to participate in society on an equal footing with men. In ancient Greece, Lysistrata initiated a sexual strike against men in order to end war; during the French Revolution, Parisian women calling for “liberty, equality, and fraternity” marched on Versailles to demand women’s suffrage.

The idea of an International Women’s Day first arose at the turn of 20th century, which in the industrialized world was a period of expansion and turbulence, booming population growth and radical ideologies.

Forbes magazine has made a list of the 100 most powerful women in the world. Magazine looked for women who run countries, big firms or influential nonprofits organization for compiling the list. Their rankings are a combination of two scores: visibility in press and media and the size of the organization or country these women lead.

Top ten ladies selected for year 2010 are

1. Michelle Obama (First Lady Michelle Obama,U.S.)

'Operation Gratitude' at Rfk Stadium in Washington, D.C., America - 19 Jan 2009

2. Irene Rosenfeld (Chief Executive, Kraft Foods)

3. Oprah Winfrey (Talk show host and media mogul)

oprah

4. Angela Merkel (Chancellor, Germany)

5. Hillary Rodham Clinton (Secretary of State, U.S.)

6. Indra Nooyi (Chief Executive, Pepsico, India)

7. Lady Gaga (Singer and performance artist)

8. Gail Kelly (Chief Executive, Westpac)

9. Beyoncé Knowles (Singer and fashion designer)

10. Ellen DeGeneres (Talk show host)

The list of dedicated dynamic women personalities of Udaipur are

  • Ms.Girija vyas( Chairperson of National Women Commission)

  • Rajni Dangi (Sabhapati of Muncipal corporation)

  • Mrs.Padmaja Kumari (Jt. Managing Director, HRH Group of Hotels)

  • Mrs. Anshu Kothari (Secretary General of Udaipur Chambers Of Commerce and Indust)

  • Mrs.Shradha Gattani( Managing Director, Oriental Palace Resorts)

  • Dr. Sweety Chhabra(Managing Director, NICC)

  • Mrs. Alka Sharma (Founder, Central Public School (CPS)),

  • Mrs.Meera Ranawat (Chairperson of Techno India NJR Inst. of Technology)
  • DR. Sudha Kothari (Gynecologist)

and many more like them working in their respective field with hats off confidence and grace.

Women are often not thanked or shown gratitude. I doubt if a man can ever do what a woman does and manage both the career and family with the patience and zeal of a woman. A man too takes care of both but there are many aspects that a woman is capable of doing but a man is not. It’s not to put down the men, but we have all witnessed this at our place and elsewhere, so I take the liberty in saying these powerful statements.

Honouring Gratitude from Team UdaipurBlog to all Women across the globe.

You May Also Check : It’s our day – It’s Women’s Day

– By Chetna Purohit

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About the author – Chetna Purohit is a young Udaipurite pursuing her Engineering in Computer Science (2nd Year).

Categories
News

CBSE Exam Misconduct: Carelessness of a Teacher: Will the Students get Proper Justice

30 students of the CBSE 12th COMMERCE had to suffer due to carelessness of the invigilator, when the question paper for writing the exam was provided to them 25 minutes late, and taken back on due time without providing any extra time.

image credit

This incident happened at the St. Mary’s Convent School, Fatehpura on 3rd March. This school was allotted as the examination centre to students of St. Anthony’s School. The commerce students were gathered to write their 1st examination of Business Studies. The examination was to begin at 10:30 a.m., and at the same time the bell too was rung, but the invigilator could not hear it. Approximately after 25 minutes, i-e- at 10:55 a.m. when he saw the students of the adjacent class writing their exam, he issued orders to distribute question paper to the students. Due to this, many questions were left un-attempted of almost all the students.

The school administration accepted its fault and declared that 10 minutes were provided extra to the students, but the students deny it. The report of the incident has been sent to CBSE for final decision requesting bonus marks for students.

The question is, will the students get proper justice? Let’s all hope for the best.

Source :- Dainik Bhaskar

by Aman Asnani

Categories
Social

Experiments and Explorations: A Workshop on Theatre

“Experiments and Explorations” was a 5 day theatre workshop at Shikshantar with one guiding theme: “The audience”. We explored different means of audience participation, and discussed the many ways in which the theatre can interact with its public. The workshop consisted of exercises, games and creation techniques- looking at the links between theatre with the visual arts, music, dance and street performances. The objective was not only to explore the art form of the theatre, but to try and understand how it might be able to play a part in social and political commentary.

The workshop resulted in a small performance on the street outside Shikshantar. Working with the theme of “Nature”, the participants reflected on the changes that are taking place in our environment – the causes, the effects and the possible solutions.

Theatre Workshop (1)Theatre Workshop (2)

Theatre Workshop (3)Theatre Workshop (4)

By UdaipurBlog Guest Author – Nandita Dinesh

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About the Author–

Nandita DineshNandita Dinesh is from Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu and has an M.A. in Performance Studies from the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University. A recipient of the Watson Fellowship, Nandita pursued a project entitled “All the world is a stage: Using theatre to address conflict”; and as such, traveled to Guatemala, Northern Ireland and Rwanda understanding the role that theatre played during/ after the conflict in question. She has coordinated community theatre related efforts in India, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Northern Ireland, the United States, Costa Rica, Guatemala and Mexico.